This article has been indexed from Defense Systems: All Articles A Department of Homeland Security spokesperson said the new guidance for pipeline security will be issued in the coming days. Read the original article: DHS to issue new pipeline security…
Category: Defense Systems: All Articles
Is it time to test the limits — and potential — of expanding CMMC?
This article has been indexed from Defense Systems: All Articles Calls for a certified baseline of cybersecurity seem to increase with every cyberattack. Is the CMMC model the right template for a universal and independently verifiable way to protect supply…
Moving toward zero trust: Protecting data as a strategic asset
This article has been indexed from Defense Systems: All Articles Obtaining visibility from endpoint to cloud and protecting critical data assets in real time are two of many approaches to adopting advanced zero-trust capabilities in the Defense Department environment. Read…
CMMC board adds new training head, board members
This article has been indexed from Defense Systems: All Articles Melanie Kyle Gingrich will take over training daily operations for the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification Accreditation Body as the vice president of training and development. Read the original article: CMMC…
CISA chief: cyber order will ‘stretch the system’
This article has been indexed from Defense Systems: All Articles The executive order, which was published Wednesday night, contains deadlines for CISA, the Department of Homeland Security, the Office of Management and Budget and other agencies to begin reworking the…
Audio masking is portable RF shielding’s missing ingredient
This article has been indexed from Defense Systems: All Articles The combination of signal shielding, audio masking and visual blocking of smartphone signals, microphones and cameras effectively recreates a sensitive compartmented information facility for a single mobile device. Read the…
Democratizing AI for DOD: Seizing a competitive advantage
This article has been indexed from Defense Systems: All Articles The U.S. and its allies must do more to build an AI-capable workforce and transform the Defense Department’s culture to embrace artificial intelligence. Read the original article: Democratizing AI for…
Moultrie’s cyber background clears confirmation path
This article has been indexed from Defense Systems: All Articles President Joe Biden’s pick to lead the Defense Department’s intelligence and security office, Ronald Moultrie, appears to have a smooth path to Senate confirmation thanks in large part to his…
Homeland Security begins aggressive cyber workforce expansion
Department of Homeland Security launched its 60-day workforce sprint with an aggressive campaign to hire 200 cyber personnel by July 1. Read the original article: Homeland Security begins aggressive cyber workforce expansion
DOD expands vulnerability disclosure policy to public networks, IoT devices
The Defense Department is expanding its vulnerability disclosure program to cover all of its publicly available systems, including networks, frequency-based communication, industrial control systems and internet-of-things devices. Read the original article: DOD expands vulnerability disclosure policy to public networks, IoT…
DOE ‘totally focused’ on cyber, says Energy secretary
The Energy secretary said DOE is committed to getting industry partners the tools, the intelligence and cyber response they need to address today’s threats. Read the original article: DOE ‘totally focused’ on cyber, says Energy secretary
Lawmakers press White House for space acquisition chief
House appropriators lamented the absence of a dedicated space acquisition chief, challenging the new administration to make a nomination soon. Read the original article: Lawmakers press White House for space acquisition chief
Pipeline ransomware attack renews infrastructure concerns
Senior administration officials say multiple government agencies are working to distribute information to industry about the ransomware attack that led to the shutdown of a key natural gas pipeline for the East Coast. Read the original article: Pipeline ransomware attack…
DOD issues 5 ‘data decrees’
Deputy Defense Secretary Kathleen Hicks issued a memo detailing DOD’s five “data decrees,” establishing rules for creating and managing data as an enterprise resource and strategic asset. Read the original article: DOD issues 5 ‘data decrees’
Better acquisition data would improve DOD oversight
While better data would help the Defense Department more effectively assess investments and risks over time, according to a watchdog official, several challenges exist. Read the original article: Better acquisition data would improve DOD oversight
Boosting student loan debt forgiveness could pay off for cyber recruiting
Almost all Defense Department personnel who have sought student loan debt forgiveness have been denied — a trend that, if unchanged, could make it even harder to recruit and retain tech talent. Read the original article: Boosting student loan debt…
Lawmakers seek new probe into AWS JEDI collusion
Letters from Sen. Mike Lee (R-Utah) and Rep. Ken Buck (R-Colo.) to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, Attorney General Merrick Garland and acting Defense Department Inspector General Sean O’Donnell asking for information, documents and, in the case of the Justice Department,…
Navy to update business systems for performance, reduced costs
Moving off legacy systems and into the cloud will support digital transformation efforts, Navy officials tell Congress. Read the original article: Navy to update business systems for performance, reduced costs
Senate defense committee delays NDAA markup
Sen. Jack Reed (D-R.I.), chairman for the Senate Armed Services Committee, announced that the committee would delay marking up the 2022 National Defense Authorization Act due to “uncertainty” in White House budget delivery. Read the original article: Senate defense committee…
Navy to update business systems for performance, reduced costs
Moving off legacy systems and into the cloud will support digital transformation efforts, Navy officials tell Congress. Read the original article: Navy to update business systems for performance, reduced costs
Senate defense committee delays NDAA markup
Sen. Jack Reed (D-R.I.), chairman for the Senate Armed Services Committee, announced that the committee would delay marking up the 2022 National Defense Authorization Act due to “uncertainty” in White House budget delivery. Read the original article: Senate defense committee…
Prepare for the next Sunburst by protecting controlled unclassified information
Protecting the supply chain and CUI will only become more challenging as the number of defense contractors and the amount of data they house continues to increase. Read the original article: Prepare for the next Sunburst by protecting controlled unclassified…
Biden picks former Army acquisition exec for DOD’s top tech job
Read the original article: Biden picks former Army acquisition exec for DOD’s top tech job The White House announced it would nominate Heidi Shyu, former assistant secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology, to be DOD’s undersecretary for…
HASC chair calls for new incentives to reduce defense costs
Read the original article: HASC chair calls for new incentives to reduce defense costs Divesting of legacy systems to make way for new technologies is expensive and at the heart of the Defense Department’s budget debate. But could new incentives…
Space Command moves for tighter cyber integration
Read the original article: Space Command moves for tighter cyber integration U.S. Space Command is standing up a dedicated joint cyber center to improve integration with U.S. Cyber Command. Read the original article: Space Command moves for tighter cyber integration
Pentagon readies new policy to boost cyber workforce
Read the original article: Pentagon readies new policy to boost cyber workforce The Defense Department is developing a new policy series aimed at improving the cyber workforce, but it has substantial work to do to recruit the talent needed in…
USTRANSCOM prepares for third-party cyber compliance assessments
Read the original article: USTRANSCOM prepares for third-party cyber compliance assessments U.S. Transportation Command is preparing a proof of principle for a cyber compliance program in preparation for broad adoption of CMMC. Read the original article: USTRANSCOM prepares for third-party…
VR, AR training helps forward observers direct fire support
Read the original article: VR, AR training helps forward observers direct fire support The Office of Naval Research has developed augmented and virtual reality tools to make it easier to train the Marines who help protect infantry by keeping an…
Augmented reality goggles and the future of defense acquisition
Read the original article: Augmented reality goggles and the future of defense acquisition The Army’s Integrated Visual Augmentation System has been in the works for years, but the potentially multibillion deal could mark a paradigm shift in how the Defense…
AFWERX invests in 5G-enabled IoT security
Read the original article: AFWERX invests in 5G-enabled IoT security The Air Force’s innovation arm has awarded a Phase I Small Business Innovation Research contract to Phosphorus Cybersecurity to help build a scalable security infrastructure to support 5G-enabled IoT devices.…
SecDef plans new screening, training to weed out extremism
Read the original article: SecDef plans new screening, training to weed out extremism The Defense Department has ordered several personnel policy changes to address extremism in the military, ranging from updating intake questionnaires for recruits to training to prepare service…
IG pushes DOD to update pandemic plans to support telework
Read the original article: IG pushes DOD to update pandemic plans to support telework Defense Department component agencies should ensure their IT and communications infrastructure can support maximum telework, according to a new report from the DOD inspector general. …
Space Force satcoms contract gets CMMC nod
Read the original article: Space Force satcoms contract gets CMMC nod A request for information for the Inmarsat Broadband Global Area Network and Global Xpress contract was amended March 31 to include requirements for the CMMC pilot program. Become…
Could 2022 see the end of OCO?
Read the original article: Could 2022 see the end of OCO? As the Biden administration prepares to deliver its first budget, the question arises of whether there’s enough political clout to end the controversial overseas contingency operations account. Become…
Air Force seeks ‘ubiquitous connectivity’ from telework to bases
Read the original article: Air Force seeks ‘ubiquitous connectivity’ from telework to bases Lauren Knausenberger, the Air Force’s CIO, said since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the service had increased focus on telework and improving base connectivity. Become…
House fight over defense dollars looms
Read the original article: House fight over defense dollars looms The House Armed Services Committee’s top Republican, Rep. Mike Rogers (R-Ala.), is pushing for a 3% to 5% increase in the topline 2022 defense budget and wants education and training…
Where’s the accountability for Solarwinds?
Read the original article: Where’s the accountability for Solarwinds? Three top cybersecurity officials struggled to answer questions from lawmakers about who is to blame for the government’s failure to stop the breach of nine federal agencies. Become a supporter…
Does DOD have the leadership it needs on spectrum?
Read the original article: Does DOD have the leadership it needs on spectrum? Joseph Kirschbaum, the director of defense capabilities and management, for the Government Accountability Office, told Congress that having leadership buy-in is the difference between a successful strategy…
Pentagon needs AI on each leadership level, panel says
Read the original article: Pentagon needs AI on each leadership level, panel says Robert Work, vice chairman of the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence called for DOD to implement a “top-down leadership” approach “to push integration of AI throughout…
House task force digs into DOD supply chain vulnerabilities
Read the original article: House task force digs into DOD supply chain vulnerabilities The House Armed Services Committee has launched a task force to investigate defense supply chain vulnerabilities, foreign manufacturing concerns and other issues raised by the pandemic. …
What cyber risks will Biden’s supply chain EO uncover?
Read the original article: What cyber risks will Biden’s supply chain EO uncover? The administration has ordered a wide-ranging assessment of the risks to various supply chain. Analysts, former government officials and industry say a large workforce gap and problematic…
CMMC board preps for staff changes
Read the original article: CMMC board preps for staff changes The body in charge of standing up and running the Defense Department’s unified cybersecurity standard is shifting its staffing arrangement. Become a supporter of IT Security News and help…
How JADC2, competition with China could spur DOD budget reform
Read the original article: How JADC2, competition with China could spur DOD budget reform The Defense Department’s goal of having unified communications across the military along with an escalating tech competition with China could be the impetus needed for acquisition…
How JADC2, competition with China could spur DOD budget reform
Read the original article: How JADC2, competition with China could spur DOD budget reform The Defense Department’s goal of having unified communications across the military along with an escalating tech competition with China could be the impetus needed for acquisition…
HASC chair pivots spending debate to acquisition reform
Read the original article: HASC chair pivots spending debate to acquisition reform House Armed Services Committee chair, Adam Smith’s response to Republicans’ call for at least a 3% topline defense budget increase is: “How you spend the money is what…
DLA orders modular 3D printing pod
Read the original article: DLA orders modular 3D printing pod The rugged 3D printing pod would be up to 40 feet long and housed in a standard shipping container so it could be deployed directly to the field to manufacture…
Flat defense budget, cost-savings push seems likely for 2022
Read the original article: Flat defense budget, cost-savings push seems likely for 2022 Sen. Jack Reed (D-R.I.), the chairman for the Senate Armed Services Committee, said military services should look for cost-savings and where reinvestments can be made. Become…
Still more questions than answers on SolarWinds attack
Read the original article: Still more questions than answers on SolarWinds attack At a recent hearing on the massive hack on SolarWinds’ IT management software, witnesses explained that they are still unsure how widespread the attack was, how hackers corrupted…
Tech exec to Congress: Supply chain hack took 1,000 engineers
Read the original article: Tech exec to Congress: Supply chain hack took 1,000 engineers The scope and scale of the attack as described by Microsoft President Brad Smith is in keeping with the attribution being made by public sector and…
White House plans executive action in response to massive breach
Read the original article: White House plans executive action in response to massive breach In the wake of a wide-ranging hack involving SolarWinds IT management software and other commercial products, the White House is planning executive action to address cybersecurity…
Pentagon plans for spectrum policy changes, IT modernization
Read the original article: Pentagon plans for spectrum policy changes, IT modernization DOD Deputy CIO Frederick Moorefield says “static” policy remains spectrum’s “biggest hurdle” — something he hopes to change in 2021. Become a supporter of IT Security News…
DOD’s 5G-powered smart warehouse network kicks off
Read the original article: DOD’s 5G-powered smart warehouse network kicks off A private 5G wireless network is being installed as part of a multi-year initiative to create a smart warehouse reference design. Become a supporter of IT Security News…
Solving for DOD’s AI education gap
Read the original article: Solving for DOD’s AI education gap Officials at the Pentagon’s Joint Artificial Intelligence Center said the department needs to improve education to build up AI readiness while improving data collection and data standards. Become a…
Expect more nation-state cyberattacks, Krebs says
Read the original article: Expect more nation-state cyberattacks, Krebs says Attacks from China, Russia, Iran and North Korea will likely continue “until the leadership has decided that it cannot tolerate further behavior,” former CISA Director Chris Krebs told the House…
DOD eyes CMMC-FedRAMP reciprocity by end of FY 2021
Read the original article: DOD eyes CMMC-FedRAMP reciprocity by end of FY 2021 The Defense Department is working with the General Services Administration to work out reciprocity between the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification program and the Federal Risk and Authorization…
Key weapons programs need new cyber requirements, IG finds
Read the original article: Key weapons programs need new cyber requirements, IG finds The Pentagon’s watchdog says the five weapons programs it audited have been updating cybersecurity requirements to defend against identified threats. Become a supporter of IT Security…
Lawmakers demand accountability for ‘disjointed’ SolarWinds response
Read the original article: Lawmakers demand accountability for ‘disjointed’ SolarWinds response The two leaders of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence say the government’s response to the hack so far has been “disjointed and disorganized.” Become a supporter of…
Space Force begins onboarding cyber specialists
Read the original article: Space Force begins onboarding cyber specialists The U.S. Space Force has begun transferring more than a thousand cyber professionals into its ranks as of Feb. 1 with plans to start recruiting talent for multiple career fields…
Army sees counter-drone tools for cooks, medics
Read the original article: Army sees counter-drone tools for cooks, medics The threats posed by the growing number of small drones make it imperative that counter-UAS systems can be operated by all service members. Become a supporter of IT…
State Department can’t justify opening cyber office, GAO finds
Read the original article: State Department can’t justify opening cyber office, GAO finds The Government Accountability Office says the State Department failed to justify the scope and organizational placement of a new office that was greenlighted in the final days…
Lawmakers press NSA for answers about 2015 Juniper hack
Read the original article: Lawmakers press NSA for answers about 2015 Juniper hack A group of Democratic lawmakers is calling on the NSA to explain its part in developing a flawed encryption algorithm that was used and subsequently exploited through…
Powering today’s soldier: Wearable batteries will be stronger, yet safer for combat
Read the original article: Powering today’s soldier: Wearable batteries will be stronger, yet safer for combat Soldiers need a lightweight power source for multiday missions that doesn’t put them in harm’s way in a firefight. Become a supporter of…
Air Force chief looks to combat extremism in military ranks.
Read the original article: Air Force chief looks to combat extremism in military ranks. To create a better environment for all service members, Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr., the Air Force’s chief of staff said leadership will have to lay…
Army CIO talks digital strategy, trimming IT spending
Read the original article: Army CIO talks digital strategy, trimming IT spending Army CIO plans to release new enterprise digital strategy and rein in $2 billion of bloated IT spending. Become a supporter of IT Security News and help…
CMMC, industrial capital strategy could continue in Biden’s DOD
Read the original article: CMMC, industrial capital strategy could continue in Biden’s DOD The Defense Department’s top buyer, Ellen Lord, said the incoming Biden administration will have to contend with adversarial investments and cybersecurity weaknesses in the contractor base. …
DOD outlines breakup of chief management office
Read the original article: DOD outlines breakup of chief management office Deputy Defense Secretary David Norquist outlines plan to divvy up the Pentagon’s number three job. Become a supporter of IT Security News and help us remove the ads.…
FireEye not ready to name Russians as SolarWinds attackers
Read the original article: FireEye not ready to name Russians as SolarWinds attackers The company has not seen enough evidence to positively trace the hackers behind the ongoing SolarWinds Orion hack to Russian entities, a FireEye executive said. Become…
It’s time for a tactical LiDAR satellite
Read the original article: It’s time for a tactical LiDAR satellite Deployment of a LiDAR satellites will allow the military to effectively use its new generation of weapons systems. Become a supporter of IT Security News and help us…
How DOD can plan for the pandemic’s next wave by eliminating network choke points
Read the original article: How DOD can plan for the pandemic’s next wave by eliminating network choke points To ensure employees can work efficiently and effectively from home while simultaneously ensuring mission continuity, focus must be shifted to the next…
White House task force says Russia likely to blame for SolarWinds hack
Read the original article: White House task force says Russia likely to blame for SolarWinds hack The Cyber Unified Coordination Group said in a statement on Tuesday that fewer than 10 government agencies have been “compromised by follow-on activity” on…
Delivering on the DOD Data Strategy with DataOps
Read the original article: Delivering on the DOD Data Strategy with DataOps DataOps builds out the new generation of data infrastructure and human behavioral norms for managing data as a strategic resource on par with weapon systems. Become a supporter…
CISA updates on SolarWinds compromise
Read the original article: CISA updates on SolarWinds compromise To help agency leaders mitigate the SolarWinds Orion software compromise, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency issued new guidance and posted two new resources. Become a supporter of IT Security…
Why DOD needs DevOps to accelerate IT service delivery
Read the original article: Why DOD needs DevOps to accelerate IT service delivery DevOps is critically important if the Pentagon is to accelerate time to delivery and deploy resilient, state-of-the art capabilities in line with evolving mission needs. Become…
CISA warns that SolarWinds software may not be only entry point in latest breaches
Read the original article: CISA warns that SolarWinds software may not be only entry point in latest breaches The security agency’s latest alert suggests hackers may have found other entry points into government networks. Become a supporter of IT…
DOD announces first CMMC pilot contract nominees
Read the original article: DOD announces first CMMC pilot contract nominees The Dec. 15 announcement calls out seven pilot contracts across the Air Force, Navy and Missile Defense Agency. Become a supporter of IT Security News and help us…
GAO tracks diversity in the intelligence community
Read the original article: GAO tracks diversity in the intelligence community Although steps have been taken to address workforce diversity, a recent report underscored gaps in strategic planning among intelligence community elements. Become a supporter of IT Security News…
Navy’s aquatic drone plan faces operational hurdles
Read the original article: Navy’s aquatic drone plan faces operational hurdles One Navy leader explained that the technological difficulties are outstripped by the organizational challenges. Become a supporter of IT Security News and help us remove the ads. Read…
Linux containers can minimize cross-domain security headaches
Read the original article: Linux containers can minimize cross-domain security headaches Containers can help expedite and improve the reliability of application and data transfers from the “low side” to the “high side,” allowing developers to safely move applications and data…
Senate passes NDAA but veto threat looms
Read the original article: Senate passes NDAA but veto threat looms Lawmakers in the House and Senate passed the annual defense bill by margins sufficient to override a presidential veto but some Republican may decide to switch their votes if…
NSC invokes 2016 directive to respond to SolarWinds hack
Read the original article: NSC invokes 2016 directive to respond to SolarWinds hack The National Security Council’s announcement to create a special group for coordinating the federal government’s response to the SolarWinds hack comes as the list of affected agencies…
Telework gets Air Force IT seal of approval
Read the original article: Telework gets Air Force IT seal of approval Lauren Knausenberger, the Air Force’s deputy CIO, said IT satisfaction went up significantly once people started working from home. Become a supporter of IT Security News and…
Secure telework capabilities top DISA’s 2021 plans
Read the original article: Secure telework capabilities top DISA’s 2021 plans The Defense Information Systems Agency is looking at “gray networks” and expanding its cloud-based internet isolation browser solution to email. Become a supporter of IT Security News and…
Rethinking computing for next-level problems
Read the original article: Rethinking computing for next-level problems With current computer systems struggling to keep pace with ever more complex workloads, intelligence and defense agencies are looking for new approaches to solving data-intensive problems. Become a supporter of…
Congress moves to bring back domestic electronics manufacturing
Read the original article: Congress moves to bring back domestic electronics manufacturing The 2021 National Defense Authorization Act would sets a timetable for DOD to stop buying microelectronics manufactured in certain countries, potentially boosting domestic manufacturing for national security. …
Navy to drive out duplicative IT systems
Read the original article: Navy to drive out duplicative IT systems Operation Cattle Drive aims to round up old and weak IT systems, networks and applications and put them out to pasture. Become a supporter of IT Security News…
2021 defense bill takes on new pilot for consumption-based solutions
Read the original article: 2021 defense bill takes on new pilot for consumption-based solutions The new pilot program based on the Section 809 panel recommendations could speed things up by allowing DOD to buy tech solutions based on how much…
Zerologon vulnerability: How federal teams can secure endpoints
Read the original article: Zerologon vulnerability: How federal teams can secure endpoints Leveraging a single platform that integrates endpoint operations and security management serves to unify teams, effectively breaking down the data silos and closing the accountability, visibility and resilience…
Russian hackers target virtual workspaces, NSA warns
Read the original article: Russian hackers target virtual workspaces, NSA warns The National Security Agency today announced vulnerabilities in cloud software are being exploited by Russia-sponsored threat actors to access protected data. Become a supporter of IT Security News…
CISA doesn’t plan to tackle COVID vaccine disinformation
Read the original article: CISA doesn’t plan to tackle COVID vaccine disinformation CISA’s acting director Brandon Wales said his agency is not the right source to counter anticipated disinformation about coronavirus vaccines. Become a supporter of IT Security News…
JAIC focuses on warfighting capabilities
Read the original article: JAIC focuses on warfighting capabilities Now that it’s up and running the Pentagon’s Joint Artificial Intelligence Center wants to increase adoption throughout the department from warfighting and business operations. Become a supporter of IT Security…
Congress axes CMO office in 2021 defense bill
Read the original article: Congress axes CMO office in 2021 defense bill The Defense Department’s third top position will get eliminated after just two years in existence, according to language in the final version of the 2021 National Defense Authorization…
USAF primed to launch new phase of data strategy
Read the original article: USAF primed to launch new phase of data strategy Eileen Vidrine, the Air Force’s chief data officer, talks about department’s priorities are, how they’ve changed this year and how the Defense Department’s data strategy ties it…
4 steps to turn CMMC compliance into a competitive advantage
Read the original article: 4 steps to turn CMMC compliance into a competitive advantage Gap assessments, remediation and ongoing compliance efforts can accelerate a company’s strategy to meet Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification requirements. Become a supporter of IT Security…
DOD, Coast Guard resume health records deployment
Read the original article: DOD, Coast Guard resume health records deployment After a pause because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Defense Department’s commercial health record installation program is back online. The Coast Guard is also transitioning to the new system.…
Pentagon tightens workplace restrictions as COVID cases spike
Read the original article: Pentagon tightens workplace restrictions as COVID cases spike The increase of coronavirus cases in the Washington, D.C. region preceded the Pentagon’s decision to revert to stricter workplace protocols. Become a supporter of IT Security News…
CMMC countdown is on but are there enough assessors to do the job?
Read the original article: CMMC countdown is on but are there enough assessors to do the job? Katie Arrington, DOD’s CISO for acquisition, said having enough assessors to do in-person audits of defense contractors is her biggest concern. Become…
How emerging tech can help the Navy achieve its information superiority vision
Read the original article: How emerging tech can help the Navy achieve its information superiority vision The department must identify and prioritize areas of critical importance and carve out resources to focus on evaluating new technology and developing software solutions…
Army to evaluate facial recognition in day care centers
Read the original article: Army to evaluate facial recognition in day care centers Through a demonstration of the technology, the Army expects to learn whether facial recognition technologies can improve family quality of life, reduce base costs and enhance mission…
DOD fails third audit, but sees progress with cost-savings
Read the original article: DOD fails third audit, but sees progress with cost-savings The Defense Department boasts cost savings as it chases a clean audit. But using the $1 billion audit to find savings could be short-sighted. Become a…
Making software more than an ‘IT thing’
Read the original article: Making software more than an ‘IT thing’ Software modernization has a branding problem, and it’s going to take more than the colloquial culture shift to speed up the Defense Department’s adoption of modern tech capabilities, according…