Browser isolation is a widely used cybersecurity tool designed to protect users from online threats. However, a recent report by Mandiant reveals that attackers have discovered a novel method to bypass this measure by utilizing QR codes for command-and-control (C2) operations.
How Browser Isolation Works
Browser isolation is a security technique that separates a user’s browsing activity from their local device. It streams only visual content from web pages into the user’s browser, preventing direct interaction with potentially harmful sites or exploits. This can be implemented through cloud-based, on-premises, or local solutions.
Traditionally, attackers rely on HTTP requests to communicate with a C2 server and issue commands to compromised systems. However, browser isolation disrupts this process by streaming only webpage pixels, effectively blocking HTTP-based attack methods.
The QR Code Workaround
To bypass browser isolation, Mandiant researchers devised a technique that embeds command data within QR codes. The process works as follows:
- The attacker’s server generates a web page containing a QR code embedded with command data.
- A headless browser on the victim’s compromised system renders the page and takes a screenshot of the QR code.
- The system decodes
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