Stuart Schechter makes some good points on the history of bad password policies: Morris and Thompson’s work brought much-needed data to highlight a problem that lots of people suspected was bad, but that had not been studied scientifically. Their work…
Tag: Schneier on Security
New iOS Security Feature Makes It Harder for Police to Unlock Seized Phones
Everybody is reporting about a new security iPhone security feature with iOS 18: if the phone hasn’t been used for a few days, it automatically goes into its “Before First Unlock” state and has to be rebooted. This is a…
Mapping License Plate Scanners in the US
DeFlock is a crowd-sourced project to map license plate scanners. It only records the fixed scanners, of course. The mobile scanners on cars are not mapped. The post Mapping License Plate Scanners in the US appeared first on Schneier on…
Criminals Exploiting FBI Emergency Data Requests
I’ve been writing about the problem with lawful-access backdoors in encryption for decades now: that as soon as you create a mechanism for law enforcement to bypass encryption, the bad guys will use it too. Turns out the same thing…
Friday Squid Blogging: Squid-A-Rama in Des Moines
Squid-A-Rama will be in Des Moines at the end of the month. Visitors will be able to dissect squid, explore fascinating facts about the species, and witness a live squid release conducted by local divers. How are they doing a…
AI Industry is Trying to Subvert the Definition of “Open Source AI”
The Open Source Initiative has published (news article here) its definition of “open source AI,” and it’s terrible. It allows for secret training data and mechanisms. It allows for development to be done in secret. Since for a neural network,…
Prompt Injection Defenses Against LLM Cyberattacks
Interesting research: “Hacking Back the AI-Hacker: Prompt Injection as a Defense Against LLM-driven Cyberattacks“: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being harnessed to automate cyberattacks, making sophisticated exploits more accessible and scalable. In response, we propose a new defense strategy…
Subverting LLM Coders
Really interesting research: “An LLM-Assisted Easy-to-Trigger Backdoor Attack on Code Completion Models: Injecting Disguised Vulnerabilities against Strong Detection“: Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed code com- pletion tasks, providing context-based suggestions to boost developer productivity in software engineering. As…
IoT Devices in Password-Spraying Botnet
Microsoft is warning Azure cloud users that a Chinese controlled botnet is engaging in “highly evasive” password spraying. Not sure about the “highly evasive” part; the techniques seem basically what you get in a distributed password-guessing attack: “Any threat actor…
AIs Discovering Vulnerabilities
I’ve been writing about the possibility of AIs automatically discovering code vulnerabilities since at least 2018. This is an ongoing area of research: AIs doing source code scanning, AIs finding zero-days in the wild, and everything in between. The AIs…
Sophos Versus the Chinese Hackers
Really interesting story of Sophos’s five-year war against Chinese hackers. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Sophos Versus the Chinese Hackers
Friday Squid Blogging: Squid Sculpture in Massachusetts Building
Great blow-up sculpture. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Friday Squid Blogging: Squid Sculpture in Massachusetts Building
Roger Grimes on Prioritizing Cybersecurity Advice
This is a good point: Part of the problem is that we are constantly handed lists…list of required controls…list of things we are being asked to fix or improve…lists of new projects…lists of threats, and so on, that are not…
Tracking World Leaders Using Strava
Way back in 2018, people noticed that you could find secret military bases using data published by the Strava fitness app. Soldiers and other military personal were using them to track their runs, and you could look at the public…
Simson Garfinkel on Spooky Cryptographic Action at a Distance
Excellent read. One example: Consider the case of basic public key cryptography, in which a person’s public and private key are created together in a single operation. These two keys are entangled, not with quantum physics, but with math. When…
Simpson Garfinkel on Spooky Cryptographic Action at a Distance
Excellent read. One example: Consider the case of basic public key cryptography, in which a person’s public and private key are created together in a single operation. These two keys are entangled, not with quantum physics, but with math. When…
Law Enforcement Deanonymizes Tor Users
The German police have successfully deanonymized at least four Tor users. It appears they watch known Tor relays and known suspects, and use timing analysis to figure out who is using what relay. Tor has written about this. Hacker News…
Criminals Are Blowing up ATMs in Germany
It’s low tech, but effective. Why Germany? It has more ATMs than other European countries, and—if I read the article right—they have more money in them. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Criminals…
Friday Squid Blogging: Giant Squid Found on Spanish Beach
A giant squid has washed up on a beach in Northern Spain. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Friday Squid Blogging: Giant Squid Found on Spanish Beach
Watermark for LLM-Generated Text
Researchers at Google have developed a watermark for LLM-generated text. The basics are pretty obvious: the LLM chooses between tokens partly based on a cryptographic key, and someone with knowledge of the key can detect those choices. What makes this…
Are Automatic License Plate Scanners Constitutional?
An advocacy groups is filing a Fourth Amendment challenge against automatic license plate readers. “The City of Norfolk, Virginia, has installed a network of cameras that make it functionally impossible for people to drive anywhere without having their movements tracked,…
No, The Chinese Have Not Broken Modern Encryption Systems with a Quantum Computer
The headline is pretty scary: “China’s Quantum Computer Scientists Crack Military-Grade Encryption.” No, it’s not true. This debunking saved me the trouble of writing one. It all seems to have come from this news article, which wasn’t bad but was…
AI and the SEC Whistleblower Program
Tax farming is the practice of licensing tax collection to private contractors. Used heavily in ancient Rome, it’s largely fallen out of practice because of the obvious conflict of interest between the state and the contractor. Because tax farmers are…
Friday Squid Blogging: Squid Scarf
Cute squid scarf. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Friday Squid Blogging: Squid Scarf
Justice Department Indicts Tech CEO for Falsifying Security Certifications
The Wall Street Journal is reporting that the CEO of a still unnamed company has been indicted for creating a fake auditing company to falsify security certifications in order to win government business. This article has been indexed from Schneier…
Cheating at Conkers
The men’s world conkers champion is accused of cheating with a steel chestnut. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Cheating at Conkers
More Details on Israel Sabotaging Hezbollah Pagers and Walkie-Talkies
The Washington Post has a long and detailed story about the operation that’s well worth reading (alternate version here). The sales pitch came from a marketing official trusted by Hezbollah with links to Apollo. The marketing official, a woman whose…
Upcoming Speaking Engagements
This is a current list of where and when I am scheduled to speak: I’m speaking at SOSS Fusion 2024 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The event will be held on October 22 and 23, 2024, and my talk is at…
Indian Fishermen Are Catching Less Squid
Fishermen in Tamil Nadu are reporting smaller catches of squid. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Indian Fishermen Are Catching Less Squid
More on My AI and Democracy Book
In July, I wrote about my new book project on AI and democracy, to be published by MIT Press in fall 2025. My co-author and collaborator Nathan Sanders and I are hard at work writing. At this point, we would…
IronNet Has Shut Down
After retiring in 2014 from an uncharacteristically long tenure running the NSA (and US CyberCommand), Keith Alexander founded a cybersecurity company called IronNet. At the time, he claimed that it was based on IP he developed on his own time…
Deebot Robot Vacuums Are Using Photos and Audio to Train Their AI
An Australian news agency is reporting that robot vacuum cleaners from the Chinese company Deebot are surreptitiously taking photos and recording audio, and sending that data back to the vendor to train their AIs. Ecovacs’s privacy policy—available elsewhere in the…
Auto-Identification Smart Glasses
Two students have created a demo of a smart-glasses app that performs automatic facial recognition and then information lookups. Kind of obvious, but the sort of creepy demo that gets attention. News article. This article has been indexed from Schneier…
China Possibly Hacking US “Lawful Access” Backdoor
The Wall Street Journal is reporting that Chinese hackers (Salt Typhoon) penetrated the networks of US broadband providers, and might have accessed the backdoors that the federal government uses to execute court-authorized wiretap requests. Those backdoors have been mandated by…
Largest Recorded DDoS Attack is 3.8 Tbps
CLoudflare just blocked the current record DDoS attack: 3.8 terabits per second. (Lots of good information on the attack, and DDoS in general, at the link.) News article. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original…
Weird Zimbra Vulnerability
Hackers can execute commands on a remote computer by sending malformed emails to a Zimbra mail server. It’s critical, but difficult to exploit. In an email sent Wednesday afternoon, Proofpoint researcher Greg Lesnewich seemed to largely concur that the attacks…
California AI Safety Bill Vetoed
Governor Newsom has vetoed the state’s AI safety bill. I have mixed feelings about the bill. There’s a lot to like about it, and I want governments to regulate in this space. But, for now, it’s all EU. (Related, the…
NIST Recommends Some Common-Sense Password Rules
NIST’s second draft of its “SP 800-63-4“—its digital identify guidelines—finally contains some really good rules about passwords: The following requirements apply to passwords: lVerifiers and CSPs SHALL require passwords to be a minimum of eight characters in length and SHOULD…
An Analysis of the EU’s Cyber Resilience Act
A good—long, complex—analysis of the EU’s new Cyber Resilience Act. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: An Analysis of the EU’s Cyber Resilience Act
New Windows Malware Locks Computer in Kiosk Mode
Clever: A malware campaign uses the unusual method of locking users in their browser’s kiosk mode to annoy them into entering their Google credentials, which are then stolen by information-stealing malware. Specifically, the malware “locks” the user’s browser on Google’s…
Israel’s Pager Attacks and Supply Chain Vulnerabilities
Israel’s brazen attacks on Hezbollah last week, in which hundreds of pagers and two-way radios exploded and killed at least 37 people, graphically illustrated a threat that cybersecurity experts have been warning about for years: Our international supply chains for…
Hacking the “Bike Angels” System for Moving Bikeshares
I always like a good hack. And this story delivers. Basically, the New York City bikeshare program has a system to reward people who move bicycles from full stations to empty ones. By deliberately moving bikes to create artificial problems,…
Friday Squid Blogging: Squid Game Season Two Teaser
The teaser for Squid Game Season Two dropped. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Friday Squid Blogging: Squid Game Season Two Teaser
Clever Social Engineering Attack Using Captchas
This is really interesting. It’s a phishing attack targeting GitHub users, tricking them to solve a fake Captcha that actually runs a script that is copied to the command line. Clever. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security…
FBI Shuts Down Chinese Botnet
The FBI has shut down a botnet run by Chinese hackers: The botnet malware infected a number of different types of internet-connected devices around the world, including home routers, cameras, digital video recorders, and NAS drives. Those devices were used…
Remotely Exploding Pagers
Wow. It seems they all exploded simultaneously, which means they were triggered. Were they each tampered with physically, or did someone figure out how to trigger a thermal runaway remotely? Supply chain attack? Malicious code update, or natural vulnerability? I…
Python Developers Targeted with Malware During Fake Job Interviews
Interesting social engineering attack: luring potential job applicants with fake recruiting pitches, trying to convince them to download malware. From a news article These particular attacks from North Korean state-funded hacking team Lazarus Group are new, but the overall malware…
Legacy Ivanti Cloud Service Appliance Being Exploited
CISA wants everyone—and government agencies in particular—to remove or upgrade an Ivanti Cloud Service Appliance (CSA) that is no longer being supported. Welcome to the security nightmare that is the Internet of Things. This article has been indexed from Schneier…
Upcoming Speaking Engagements
This is a current list of where and when I am scheduled to speak: I’m speaking at eCrime 2024 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The event runs from September 24 through 26, 2024, and my keynote is at 8:45 AM ET…
Friday Squid Blogging: Squid as a Legislative Negotiating Tactic
This is an odd story of serving squid during legislative negotiations in the Philippines. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Friday Squid Blogging: Squid as a Legislative Negotiating Tactic
Microsoft Is Adding New Cryptography Algorithms
Microsoft is updating SymCrypt, its core cryptographic library, with new quantum-secure algorithms. Microsoft’s details are here. From a news article: The first new algorithm Microsoft added to SymCrypt is called ML-KEM. Previously known as CRYSTALS-Kyber, ML-KEM is one of three…
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Reward Modeling of Generative AI Systems
New research evaluating the effectiveness of reward modeling during Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF): “SEAL: Systematic Error Analysis for Value ALignment.” The paper introduces quantitative metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of modeling and aligning human values: Abstract: Reinforcement Learning…
New Chrome Zero-Day
According to Microsoft researchers, North Korean hackers have been using a Chrome zero-day exploit to steal cryptocurrency. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: New Chrome Zero-Day
Australia Threatens to Force Companies to Break Encryption
In 2018, Australia passed the Assistance and Access Act, which—among other things—gave the government the power to force companies to break their own encryption. The Assistance and Access Act includes key components that outline investigatory powers between government and industry.…
Live Video of Promachoteuthis Squid
The first live video of the Promachoteuthis squid, filmed at a newly discovered seamount off the coast of Chile. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Live Video of Promachoteuthis Squid
YubiKey Side-Channel Attack
There is a side-channel attack against YubiKey access tokens that allows someone to clone a device. It’s a complicated attack, requiring the victim’s username and password, and physical access to their YubiKey—as well as some technical expertise and equipment. Still,…
Long Analysis of the M-209
Really interesting analysis of the American M-209 encryption device and its security. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Long Analysis of the M-209
Security Researcher Sued for Disproving Government Statements
This story seems straightforward. A city is the victim of a ransomware attack. They repeatedly lie to the media about the severity of the breach. A security researcher repeatedly proves their statements to be lies. The city gets mad and…
List of Old NSA Training Videos
The NSA’s “National Cryptographic School Television Catalogue” from 1991 lists about 600 COMSEC and SIGINT training videos. There are a bunch explaining the operations of various cryptographic equipment, and a few code words I have never heard of before. This…
SQL Injection Attack on Airport Security
Interesting vulnerability: …a special lane at airport security called Known Crewmember (KCM). KCM is a TSA program that allows pilots and flight attendants to bypass security screening, even when flying on domestic personal trips. The KCM process is fairly simple:…
Adm. Grace Hopper’s 1982 NSA Lecture Has Been Published
The “long lost lecture” by Adm. Grace Hopper has been published by the NSA. (Note that there are two parts.) It’s a wonderful talk: funny, engaging, wise, prescient. Remember that talk was given in 1982, less than a year before…
Matthew Green on Telegram’s Encryption
Matthew Green wrote a really good blog post on what Telegram’s encryption is and is not. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Matthew Green on Telegram’s Encryption
The Present and Future of TV Surveillance
Ars Technica has a good article on what’s happening in the world of television surveillance. More than even I realized. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: The Present and Future of TV Surveillance
US Federal Court Rules Against Geofence Warrants
This is a big deal. A US Appeals Court ruled that geofence warrants—these are general warrants demanding information about all people within a geographical boundary—are unconstitutional. The decision seems obvious to me, but you can’t take anything for granted. This…
Friday Squid Blogging: Self-Healing Materials from Squid Teeth
Making self-healing materials based on the teeth in squid suckers. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Friday Squid Blogging: Self-Healing Materials from Squid Teeth
Take a Selfie Using a NY Surveillance Camera
This site will let you take a selfie with a New York City traffic surveillance camera. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Take a Selfie Using a NY Surveillance Camera
Surveillance Watch
This is a fantastic project mapping the global surveillance industry. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Surveillance Watch
Story of an Undercover CIA Agent who Penetrated Al Qaeda
Rolling Stone has a long investigative story (non-paywalled version here) about a CIA agent who spent years posing as an Islamic radical. Unrelated, but also in the “real life spies” file: a fake Sudanese diving resort run by Mossad. This…
Hacking Wireless Bicycle Shifters
This is yet another insecure Internet-of-things story, this one about wireless gear shifters for bicycles. These gear shifters are used in big-money professional bicycle races like the Tour de France, which provides an incentive to actually implement this attack. Research…
New Windows IPv6 Zero-Click Vulnerability
The press is reporting a critical Windows vulnerability affecting IPv6. As Microsoft explained in its Tuesday advisory, unauthenticated attackers can exploit the flaw remotely in low-complexity attacks by repeatedly sending IPv6 packets that include specially crafted packets. Microsoft also shared…
NIST Releases First Post-Quantum Encryption Algorithms
From the Federal Register: After three rounds of evaluation and analysis, NIST selected four algorithms it will standardize as a result of the PQC Standardization Process. The public-key encapsulation mechanism selected was CRYSTALS-KYBER, along with three digital signature schemes: CRYSTALS-Dilithium,…
Texas Sues GM for Collecting Driving Data without Consent
Texas is suing General Motors for collecting driver data without consent and then selling it to insurance companies: From CNN: In car models from 2015 and later, the Detroit-based car manufacturer allegedly used technology to “collect, record, analyze, and transmit…
Upcoming Speaking Engagements
This is a current list of where and when I am scheduled to speak: I’m speaking at eCrime 2024 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The event runs from September 24 through 26, 2024, and my keynote is on the 24th. The…
On the Voynich Manuscript
Really interesting article on the ancient-manuscript scholars who are applying their techniques to the Voynich Manuscript. No one has been able to understand the writing yet, but there are some new understandings: Davis presented her findings at the medieval-studies conference…
Taxonomy of Generative AI Misuse
Interesting paper: “Generative AI Misuse: A Taxonomy of Tactics and Insights from Real-World Data“: Generative, multimodal artificial intelligence (GenAI) offers transformative potential across industries, but its misuse poses significant risks. Prior research has shed light on the potential of advanced…
Friday Squid Blogging: SQUID Is a New Computational Tool for Analyzing Genomic AI
Yet another SQUID acronym: SQUID, short for Surrogate Quantitative Interpretability for Deepnets, is a computational tool created by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) scientists. It’s designed to help interpret how AI models analyze the genome. Compared with other analysis tools,…
People-Search Site Removal Services Largely Ineffective
Consumer Reports has a new study of people-search site removal services, concluding that they don’t really work: As a whole, people-search removal services are largely ineffective. Private information about each participant on the people-search sites decreased after using the people-search…
Problems with Georgia’s Voter Registration Portal
It’s possible to cancel other people’s voter registration: On Friday, four days after Georgia Democrats began warning that bad actors could abuse the state’s new online portal for canceling voter registrations, the Secretary of State’s Office acknowledged to ProPublica that…
On the Cyber Safety Review Board
When an airplane crashes, impartial investigatory bodies leap into action, empowered by law to unearth what happened and why. But there is no such empowered and impartial body to investigate CrowdStrike’s faulty update that recently unfolded, ensnarling banks, airlines, and…
Friday Squid Blogging: Treating Squid Parasites
A newly discovered parasite that attacks squid eggs has been treated. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Friday Squid Blogging: Treating Squid Parasites
Leaked GitHub Python Token
Here’s a disaster that didn’t happen: Cybersecurity researchers from JFrog recently discovered a GitHub Personal Access Token in a public Docker container hosted on Docker Hub, which granted elevated access to the GitHub repositories of the Python language, Python Package…
Education in Secure Software Development
The Linux Foundation and OpenSSF released a report on the state of education in secure software development. …many developers lack the essential knowledge and skills to effectively implement secure software development. Survey findings outlined in the report show nearly one-third…
Nearly 7% of Internet Traffic Is Malicious
Cloudflare reports on the state of applications security. It claims that 6.8% of Internet traffic is malicious. And that CVEs are exploited as quickly as 22 minutes after proof-of-concepts are published. News articles. This article has been indexed from Schneier…
Providing Security Updates to Automobile Software
Auto manufacturers are just starting to realize the problems of supporting the software in older models: Today’s phones are able to receive updates six to eight years after their purchase date. Samsung and Google provide Android OS updates and security…
New Research in Detecting AI-Generated Videos
The latest in what will be a continuing arms race between creating and detecting videos: The new tool the research project is unleashing on deepfakes, called “MISLnet”, evolved from years of data derived from detecting fake images and video with…
Friday Squid Blogging: Sunscreen from Squid Pigments
They’re better for the environment. Blog moderation policy. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Friday Squid Blogging: Sunscreen from Squid Pigments
Compromising the Secure Boot Process
This isn’t good: On Thursday, researchers from security firm Binarly revealed that Secure Boot is completely compromised on more than 200 device models sold by Acer, Dell, Gigabyte, Intel, and Supermicro. The cause: a cryptographic key underpinning Secure Boot on…
The CrowdStrike Outage and Market-Driven Brittleness
Friday’s massive internet outage, caused by a mid-sized tech company called CrowdStrike, disrupted major airlines, hospitals, and banks. Nearly 7,000 flights were canceled. It took down 911 systems and factories, courthouses, and television stations. Tallying the total cost will take…
Data Wallets Using the Solid Protocol
I am the Chief of Security Architecture at Inrupt, Inc., the company that is commercializing Tim Berners-Lee’s Solid open W3C standard for distributed data ownership. This week, we announced a digital wallet based on the Solid architecture. Details are here,…
Robot Dog Internet Jammer
Supposedly the DHS has these: The robot, called “NEO,” is a modified version of the “Quadruped Unmanned Ground Vehicle” (Q-UGV) sold to law enforcement by a company called Ghost Robotics. Benjamine Huffman, the director of DHS’s Federal Law Enforcement Training…
2017 ODNI Memo on Kaspersky Labs
It’s heavily redacted, but still interesting. Many more ODNI documents here. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: 2017 ODNI Memo on Kaspersky Labs
Snake Mimics a Spider
This is a fantastic video. It’s an Iranian spider-tailed horned viper (Pseudocerastes urarachnoides). Its tail looks like a spider, which the snake uses to fool passing birds looking for a meal. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security…
Brett Solomon on Digital Rights
Brett Solomon is retiring from AccessNow after fifteen years as its Executive Director. He’s written a blog post about what he’s learned and what comes next. This article has been indexed from Schneier on Security Read the original article: Brett…
Criminal Gang Physically Assaulting People for Their Cryptocurrency
This is pretty horrific: …a group of men behind a violent crime spree designed to compel victims to hand over access to their cryptocurrency savings. That announcement and the criminal complaint laying out charges against St. Felix focused largely on…
Cloudflare Reports that Almost 7% of All Internet Traffic Is Malicious
6.8%, to be precise. From ZDNet: However, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks continue to be cybercriminals’ weapon of choice, making up over 37% of all mitigated traffic. The scale of these attacks is staggering. In the first quarter of…
Hacking Scientific Citations
Some scholars are inflating their reference counts by sneaking them into metadata: Citations of scientific work abide by a standardized referencing system: Each reference explicitly mentions at least the title, authors’ names, publication year, journal or conference name, and page…
Upcoming Speaking Engagements
This is a current list of where and when I am scheduled to speak: I’m speaking on “Reimagining Democracy in the Age of AI” at the Bozeman Library in Bozeman, Montana, USA, July 18, 2024. The event will also be…
Friday Squid Blogging: 1994 Lair of Squid Game
I didn’t know: In 1994, Hewlett-Packard released a miracle machine: the HP 200LX pocket-size PC. In the depths of the device, among the MS-DOS productivity apps built into its fixed memory, there lurked a first-person maze game called Lair of…
The NSA Has a Long-Lost Lecture by Adm. Grace Hopper
The NSA has a video recording of a 1982 lecture by Adm. Grace Hopper titled “Future Possibilities: Data, Hardware, Software, and People.” The agency is (so far) refusing to release it. Basically, the recording is in an obscure video format.…
Apple Is Alerting iPhone Users of Spyware Attacks
Not a lot of details: Apple has issued a new round of threat notifications to iPhone users across 98 countries, warning them of potential mercenary spyware attacks. It’s the second such alert campaign from the company this year, following a…