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Executive Summary
- Due to their client-side nature, single-page applications (SPAs) will typically have multiple access control vulnerabilities
- By implementing a robust access control policy on supporting APIs, the risks associated with client-side rendering can be largely mitigated
- Using server-side rendering within the SPA can prevent unauthorized users from modifying or even viewing pages and data that they are not authorized to see
Introduction
Single-page applications (SPAs) are popular due to their dynamic and user-friendly interfaces, but they can also introduce security risks. The client-side rendering frequently implemented in SPAs can make them vulnerable to unauthorized access and data manipulation. This blog post will explore the vulnerabilities inherent in SPAs, including routing manipulation, hidden element exposure, and JavaScript debugging, as well as provide recommendations on how to mitigate these risks.
Single-Page Applications
A SPA is a web application design framework in which the application returns a single document whose content is hidden, displayed, or otherwise modified by JavaScript. This differs from the flat file application framework traditionally implemented in PHP or strictly HTML sites and from the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture where data, views, and server controls are handled by different portions of the application. Dynamic data in SPAs is updated through API calls, eliminating the need for page refreshes or navigation to different URLs. This approach makes SPAs feel more like native applications, offering a seamless user experience. JavaScript frameworks that are commonly used to implement SPAs include React, Angular, and Vue.[…]
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